Fraser, Hon. J.M.

Adjourned debate on motion of the Hon. T. T. Ngo:

That this council—

1. Acknowledges the positive contribution to Australian society that former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser has made;

2. Acknowledges Malcolm Fraser's policy in promoting multiculturalism and acceptance of refugees that has laid the groundwork for a peaceful and diverse Australia of today; and

3. Notes, in particular, the leadership former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser demonstrated in dealing with the resettlement of about 200,000 Asian and Middle Eastern migrants and refugees, especially more than 50,000 displaced Vietnamese, during and after the Vietnam War.

(Continued from September 9 2015.)

The Hon. J.S. LEE (22:15): I rise today to support the motion, acknowledging the positive contribution by the Rt Hon. Malcolm Fraser, moved by the Hon. Tung Ngo. Mr Fraser was a giant of the Australian Liberal Party and indeed a giant of our nation. It is very humbling to see Fraser's legacy under a Liberal Coalition is being recognised by a Labor member, the Hon. Tung Ngo. In his speech, the honourable member spoke about the dark times of the Vietnam War, the conflict within the Australian Labor Party at times, and he acknowledged that he has been a direct beneficiary of the Liberal Fraser government's multicultural policy.

Although Fraser may not have been a popular politician during that time, he went against the odds to win two of the largest electoral landslides in Australia's history and was able to enhance the social framework of Australia's modern society through his bold immigration policies. As a migrant to this country, my family and I have certainly benefited greatly from the Fraser immigration policy.

Prior to the Hon. Tung Ngo's moving his motion about Mr Fraser, I had the opportunity to acknowledge Mr Fraser in my matters of interest speech on 6 May 2015, when I spoke about the commemorative event organised by the Vietnamese Veterans Association and the Vietnamese community of South Australia for the 40^th anniversary of the fall of Saigon, which was held in conjunction with the remembrance and tribute ceremony in honour of our former prime minister. This event was well supported by the Vietnamese community as they paid tribute to a visionary leader who gave them security, hope and opportunities in Australia. Today, I am honoured to provide a lengthier contribution on the significant contributions that Mr Fraser made to our nation.

As we know, the federal parliament moved a condolence motion on 23 March 2015 after the sad news of the passing of Mr Fraser. The Parliament of South Australia also moved a condolence motion, and I recall the words spoken by the Liberal leader, Mr Steven Marshall in the other place, when he described Mr Fraser:

He was a man of principle who followed through with his convictions and did not ask for forgiveness. He did not go gently into that good night but continued to rage, advocating and lobbying for the causes that he believed in right up until the end of his days. I believe that the history books will be kind to the legacy of the Hon. Malcolm Fraser. He was a prime minister who keenly understood the times in which he served, valued and enhanced Australia's place on the international stage and was a true friend of our multicultural communities. His imprint upon our nation's history will forever be remembered. Vale Malcolm Fraser.

I wish to thank the Vietnamese community for sharing their rich cultural heritage, skills and knowledge in enriching our state. We do not need to look very far to find hardworking refugees and migrants who have been elected and appointed to public office positions, such as the Hon. Tung Ngo in this chamber and also His Excellency the South Australian Governor, the Hon. Hieu Van Le.

As Australians, we ought to be very proud that Australia was one of those countries that offered its compassion and opened its doors to Vietnamese refugees during the fall of Saigon. The Liberal Fraser government was responsible for Australia's first comprehensive refugee policy. Between 1975 and 1982, Australia welcomed about 200,000 immigrants from Asian countries, including nearly 56,000 from Vietnam alone.

Furthermore, more than 2,000 Vietnamese people who arrived by boat without documentation or official permission were granted entry under policies initiated by the Liberal Fraser government. In proportion to the Australian population, we took in more Vietnamese refugees than any other country. The immigration program focused on resettlement and multiculturalism and, in 1978, the Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs was established.

Mr Fraser devoted 28 years to parliamentary service, eight of them as prime minister of Australia. His first great achievement was to win office and to steady the country after the chaotic years of terrible management under Labor prime minister Gough Whitlam. Fraser had a heart and sympathy for hardworking country people. He introduced a system of deferring taxation of farmers in drought. They could buy special security from pre-tax income which could be held against bad times and then sold when they would incur tax. Bob Hawke, under Labor government, abolished these bonds in one of his acts, but they came back under the Howard Liberal government.

Fraser's stubborn determination made him an effective negotiator. As prime minister, during his visit to North America, he negotiated access for Australian beef that was to be worth billions, and aged cows suddenly found a place in the American market for hamburger mince.

Fraser was the author of the remarkably successful program of Vietnamese settlement which is the centrepiece of this motion. Gough Whitlam, in 1975, called the huge exodus from Vietnam the 'boat people', but Mr Fraser called them 'refugees', which reflected what they were. There was nothing in Fraser's administration of Australia that was not consistent with his being a nice guy who was as much at home in the public bar as he was at the Melbourne Cup, and whose every act was aimed at making Australia a better place in which to live.

Mr Fraser was immensely hardworking, as prime ministers must be and are. He was also competent. His years in the Lodge were not marked by the blunders and debacles that we have known under the Rudd Labor government. Fraser would have known how to install insulation without burning the house down. He was also a strong believer in prudential management.

I just want to talk about some of the key principles of respecting community differences from the Galbally Report, which was commissioned by prime minister Fraser in 1977. The four guiding principles of the Review of Post-Arrival Programs and Services to Migrants form the foundation to ensure:

equal opportunity and equality of access to services for all members of society;

that everyone should be able to maintain their own culture and be encouraged to understand others';

that the needs of migrants, while they should ideally be met by mainstream programs and services, should be in the short term especially targeted in order to ensure equality of access and provisions; and

that services and programs should be designed and operated in full consultation with clients, with an emphasis on self-help to enable migrants to become self-reliant quickly.

It is thanks to prime minister Fraser that the commonwealth has, since 1978, developed a major orientation program for new arrivals and introduced innovative English language instruction, promoted multicultural education in government and non-government schools, boosted the child migrant education program, extended the provision of special welfare services to migrants by substantially increasing the number of grant-in-aid social workers, established a network of migrant resource centres, and established the Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs.

Sadly, after more than three decades since Mr Fraser introduced our first comprehensive multicultural policy, during the past 12 months, one in five people living in Australia was a target of racial discrimination. That is about 4.6 million people, which is an increase from one in eight in the previous year. One in five living in Australia has been a target of verbal racial abuse.

Verbal abuse is the most common form of racism. Nearly half of all Australian residents from a culturally and linguistically diverse background have experienced racism at some time in their life. Seven in 10 teenagers have experienced racism, and three in four Indigenous Australians regularly experience racism.

Australia has a culture of denial when it comes to racism. It is based on the findings of the report, 'Denial of racism and its implication for location action' by Jacqueline Nelson of the University of Western Sydney. Denial of racism in South Australia perpetuates racist behaviour.

Half of us, believe it or not, are positive about the cultural diversity of Australia. This is after more than three decades of what Fraser implemented. While five in 10 of us are positive about cultural diversity, four in 10 are ambivalent about cultural diversity, and one in 10 have racist attitudes. One in seven people living in Australia are against the concept of multiculturalism. Three in 10 people do not believe that immigrants make Australia stronger, and one in three believe there are some cultural groups that do not belong in Australia.

How does racism in Australia actually affect us? Cross-cultural tension affects everybody in our society. A range of health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, depression, anxiety, low birth rate and premature birth can all be caused directly by people's personal experiences of racism. This will impact on our health system in Australia and South Australia.

It also affects people's employment and housing opportunities. For example, to get as many job interviews as an Anglo applicant an Indigenous person must submit 35 per cent more applications; a Chinese person, 68 per cent more; an Italian person, 12 per cent more; and a Middle Eastern person, 64 per cent more applications, just to get a job.

Racism can lead to violence, as seen in Melbourne and Sydney during the past decade. The Tourism Forecasting Committee says the number of Indians applying for student visas to Australia has plummeted by 48 per cent due to racially motivated attacks. This is a potential economic loss to Australia of up to $78 million.

I call on the federal opposition leader Bill Shorten and the Labor Party to stop taking instructions from his union masters and the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, trying to reject the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement. They will be sabotaging our economic future and will be turning their back on one of the greatest opportunities our country has ever been offered. Australia has nothing to fear and everything to gain. The Labor Party and the trade union movement must act in Australia's best interest, otherwise it will damage the relationship we have with one of our largest trading partners and damage our economy.

With the challenges of racism and the many issues faced by the CALD communities, I would like to reaffirm my commitment to support our multicultural community to grow and expand. The key elements of multiculturalism set by the Rt Hon. Malcolm Fraser should be the recognition and appreciation of the fact that the Australian population derived from a wide variety of ethnic and cultural backgrounds, and that these backgrounds are important to the way Australians see themselves.

Multiculturalism should not just be concerned with the passive toleration of diversity. It should see diversity as a quality to be actively embraced, and a source of social capital and economic dynamism. It encourages groups of people to be open and to interact, so that all Australians must learn and benefit from each other's heritage. Multiculturalism is about diversity and not division. It is about interaction and not isolation. It is about cultural and ethnic differences set within a framework of shared fundamental values which enables them to coexist on a complementary rather than competitive basis.

With those few remarks, I would like to once again thank the Hon. Tung Ngo for moving this important motion. I commend the motion to the chamber.

The Hon. T.A. FRANKS (22:29): It is with deep sadness that I rise to speak to this motion introduced by the Hon. Tung Ngo and to pay contribute to the contribution of former prime minister Malcolm Fraser. Mr Fraser was a politician of principle and conviction, a leader of compassion and a voice for human rights and decency.

I have to admit that, as a primary school-aged child, I do not think I would have ever seen myself not only in a parliament but in a parliament saying those particular words, having grown up under prime minister Malcolm Fraser, who was not one of my favourite politicians as a young child. I took particular umbrage to the fact that he was married to a woman called Tammy.

As a Liberal, he was not the brand of politics I aspired to. I have to say that I have lived to see those attitudes change in myself, but unfortunately to have seen the attitudes of Australians change, particularly towards refugees, in that time.

Malcolm Fraser's legacy will remain one which promoted multiculturalism, cultural diversity and compassion and acceptance of refugees who were fleeing war and persecution. Prime minister Fraser adopted a humanitarian policy, which saw an intake of around 200,000 migrants from Asian countries, with nearly 56,000 Vietnamese refugees settling in Australia. They call Australia home, and they have contributed greatly to our nation.

I remember, again as a child, this time in high school, that a friend of mine had come from Timor-Leste. She and I had been very close for some time, and I had never even questioned why she was in Australia, but of course she was a refugee. It was not until a teacher asked her to tell our class how it was that she had come to be in Australia that any of us in that class gave it a second thought.

She told us a story of fleeing gunfire, fleeing violence and, indeed, she told us a story where all of the men in her family had been killed. Until that point, I had never wondered why there were only women in the household when I went to visit. Suddenly, it dawned on me that all of the men had been killed, and that is why they had come to Australia and not only made their home in our country but, of course, she had taken her place in our classroom.

Under Fraser's leadership, the immigration department gained a dedicated refugee branch to help process and resettle Indochinese refugees. A special humanitarian program allowed the department to resettle people who fell outside the strict legal definition of 'refugee' but who were nevertheless in desperate need of protection. Most importantly, Mr Fraser rejected mandatory detention of refugees. Refugees found refuge in Australia and were re-homed.

Evidence from the immigration department released at the time shows that, under Mr Fraser, the department did not detain Vietnamese boat arrivals and would only place them in quarantine for a short period if necessary. A United Nations representative who inspected these facilities in 1979 reported that officers in charge showed 'a high degree of compassion, interest and preparedness to help' those asylum seekers.

Thanks to Mr Fraser's leadership, the immigration department demonstrated what controlled immigration should mean: asylum seekers processed in accordance with international refugee law. This is, of course, in stark contrast to the current regime and approach to dealing with people seeking asylum here in Australia, which has been described in a recent New York Times editorial as 'inhumane, of dubious legality and strikingly at odds with the country's tradition of welcoming people fleeing persecution and war'.

In recent years, Australia has been detaining asylum seekers for longer and longer periods, at a cost to the taxpayer of up to $400,000 per person each year. This is according to the National Commission of Audit. It found that the cost of detention and processing has increased from $118 million a year in 2009-10 to $3.3 billion in 2013-14.

Since its election to government in 2013, the federal Coalition government has reduced the annual refugee intake from 20,000 per year in 2013 to the current number of 13,750 per year at a time when the world is facing a global refugee crisis on a scale we have not seen since the Second World War.

I would note that there are some glimmers of hope and I think in recent weeks the response to the global humanitarian tragedy and the crisis unfolding in Syria offers some hope. Many, of course, leave Syria in the middle of the night with nowhere to go. They are trapped between a brutal president who is dropping bombs on his own people and the brutal and militant ISIS forces.

We know that in times of need Australians do not turn their backs. We have seen thousands of Australians across the country come together for the Light the Dark vigils organised by GetUp! to reflect on the plight of refugees from around the world and, in particular, the Syrian people who are fleeing war, drought and persecution. Indeed, we have seen the federal government grant refuge to these refugees.

We are fortunate to live in a country that is strong enough to offer safety to these men, women and children. Malcolm Fraser said life wasn't meant to be easy. I would point out that leadership is also not easy, and true leadership on refugees is probably one of the most difficult parts of our current contemporary political discourse. Yet, that leadership has never been more needed.

It is not just happening in our parliaments but it is also happening in our councils, and I want to note the work of the Adelaide Hills Council which recently passed a motion moved by the mayor, Bill Spragg. It reads:

That council:

1. Encourages the Federal Government to temporarily halt the sale of Inverbrackie and re-open the facility to provide accommodation for Syrian Refugees.

2. Authorises the Mayor to write to the Prime Minister of Australia informing him of Council's decision and also that Adelaide Hills Council is a Refugee Welcome Zone. Copies of the letter be sent to the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection and Mr Jamie Briggs, Member of the House of Representatives for Mayo.

I note that that was carried unanimously by the Adelaide Hills Council and I commend them for that. I note other councils in this state have recently declared themselves refugee welcome zones, and I can only hope that that leadership grows. It is a grassroots leadership but it also, I hope, is echoed in the chambers of our parliament. I note that councillor Nathan Daniell, of the Adelaide Hills Council, stated:

This is a great idea and indeed a compassionate one which would allow us as a community to extend a hand to those most in need, Syrian refugees fleeing war and persecution. Earlier this year the Council declared itself as a Refugee Welcome Zone and this motion reflects that commitment in a positive and practical manner.

I know that Australia can become a compassionate and humane nation as it once was when I was growing up and thought that Malcolm Fraser was perhaps not the best prime minister. As I say, on reflection, he was pretty damn good, particularly on refugee issues.

I think Australia is a compassionate and humane nation. We were part of the setting up of the United Nations and we have a proud human rights history. I hope that we can have a proud human rights future. We are strong enough to help those most in need and we are strong enough for those who come to us seeking asylum. We should look to our former leaders such as former prime minister Fraser to take that strength from as we go into the future. With that, I commend the motion.

The Hon. M.C. PARNELL (22:38): I rise to support the motion. The late Malcolm Fraser was a complex character who, for much of his political career, excited passions of admiration and loathing, perhaps in equal measure, but in whose later years became a truly great Australian in the eyes of many of his former detractors.

My connections with the late Malcolm Fraser were limited. Like many here, I vividly remember the days of the dismissal in 1975. I was only 16 and not yet able to vote, but I did as Gough asked and I maintained my rage. I participated in my first federal election in 1977. I declined to vote for Malcom Fraser, or any of his party, a practice which I have kept up for most of my life.

A few years later, in the early 1980s, I recall attending political rallies against Malcolm Fraser as a young university student. I do not recall the subject matter but at the time I was certain that he was the worst prime minister Australia has ever had. That mantle has since been passed on to subsequent prime ministers—but I digress.

At the height of the Franklin River campaign in south-west Tasmania in 1983, while my wife was being arrested for the heinous crime of trespassing on public land, Malcolm Fraser was supporting states' rights while his opponent Bob Hawke promised to protect the wilderness. Hawke won and Fraser lost and, like many conservationists, I cheered loudly. Fraser's lip famously trembled during his concession speech and the cartoonists went wild.

Let's fast forward 3½ decades. Malcolm Fraser has resigned from the Liberal Party and can be seen sitting next to a Greens candidate in a public forum urging South Australian voters to re-elect Senator Sarah Hanson-Young. According to the ABC news report of 8 July 2013:

Former Liberal prime minister Malcolm Fraser has thrown his support behind Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young, saying neither of the major parties deserve a majority in both houses of parliament.

Mr Fraser says while it is unusual for him to support a particular person in the Senate, he feels strongly about Senator Hanson-Young's stance on asylum seekers.

The former Liberal party leader told a forum in Adelaide that he supports her bid for re-election, but not her party as a whole.

I just add that he did not know the rest of us as well, otherwise he might not have said that. The article goes on:

He went on to describe Senator Hanson-Young as 'a resolute and fair-minded voice on an issue which is important to Australia and where the major parties have let Australia down very, very seriously'.

If you had told me, as I cast my first vote back in 1977, that this is what the future held, then I would not have believed you. Certainly the Greens did not exist (at least by that name) and neither, for that matter, did Senator Sarah Hanson-Young.

Back in 1975, it would have been regarded as fanciful that 'Kerr's cur' would become a beacon of humanity and a champion of compassion and human rights, particularly in relation to the matters referred to in this motion, such as his attitude and policy to refugees, including more than 50,000 displaced Vietnamese during and after the Vietnam War.

I will just mention briefly one connection that my family has with the late Malcolm Fraser. In the late 1960s, during Australia's escalating involvement in the Vietnam War, Malcolm Fraser was the minister for defence. At the same time, my grandfather, Bill Leng, was the deputy secretary for the Department of Defence and he accompanied Malcolm Fraser on a number of trips overseas, including to Singapore and Vietnam.

According to family folklore, they were memorable trips and my grandfather, being a very discreet man, maintained his public silence to the grave. He offered only a few hints of the shenanigans that transpired. As the saying goes, 'What happens on tour stays on tour.'

My grandfather died 19 years ago and they have now named a new street in the Canberra suburb of Coomb after him, which has quite excited my family. But, at the end of the day, I expect that the life and times of the Hon. Malcolm Fraser will excite the interest of historians and political commentators long after the life of a humble public servant is forgotten. I commend the motion.

The Hon. A.L. McLACHLAN (22:43): I rise in support of the motion. I thank and congratulate the Hon. Tung Ngo for bringing this motion to the attention of the chamber. The motion is that this council acknowledges the positive contribution to Australian society that former prime minister Malcolm Fraser made; acknowledges Malcolm Fraser's policy in promoting multiculturalism and acceptance of refugees that has laid the groundwork for a peaceful and diverse Australia of today; and notes, in particular, the leadership former prime minister Malcolm Fraser demonstrated in dealing with the resettlement of about 200,000 Asian and Middle Eastern migrants and refugees, especially more than 50,000 displaced Vietnamese during and after the Vietnam War.

The Rt. Hon. Malcolm Fraser had a very great concern for human rights and in ensuring human dignity. Unfortunately, as has been said by other members of this chamber, many of his achievements have been overshadowed by the events of 1975. Malcolm Fraser considered his proudest achievement was the resettlement of Vietnamese fleeing their country to escape the brutality of war and the fall of the country to communist forces.

To his great credit he overcame the Whitlam Labor opposition to the resettlement of fleeing Vietnamese and we now enjoy a dynamic Vietnamese Australian community which continues to greatly contribute to the life of this state. His efforts cemented the vision of a multicultural Australia. In other words, Fraser consolidated a multicultural approach towards immigration, making this observation in 1981:

The less constructively a society responds to its own diversity the less capable it becomes of doing so. Its reluctance to respond, fuelled by the fear of encouraging division, becomes a self-fulfilling prophesy—the erosion of national cohesion is the result not of the fact of diversity but of its denial and suppression.

Malcolm Fraser's biographer, Phillip Ayres, says of him:

[Malcolm Fraser] thought that the best Conservative would be 'like Churchill—a radical determined to destroy evil, and wherever he found it, by constructive legislation.'

All his life Malcolm Fraser retained his reforming and idealistic vision until the end. His biographer goes on to say that along with his particular individualism went a social conscience and that his social individualism was similar to that of Menzies.

I thought I might finish my submission on this motion by quoting a Sydney Morning Herald article. It reports the comments of a Dr Nguyen who was a medical officer with the South Vietnamese Army when he was captured by northern forces and detained in a concentration camp for three years and starved by his communist captors. He was released in 1978, and tried unsuccessfully to flee the country several times before finally escaping in 1980 in a small boat with his fiancée and her 13-year-old brother. The threesome braved rough seas but eventually made it to Australia. In a speech at his 30^th anniversary in 2011 he said:

I was so lucky to be in this wonderful country. To me and all other Indochinese refugees, the then PM Malcolm Fraser and the two ministers for immigration of that period, Mr Michael McKellar and Mr Ian McPhee were real heroes who reversed Whitlam's policy and gave us a chance to resettle in Australia.

He added:

Of all the prime ministers of Australia Malcolm Fraser is great, if not the greatest, in the area of human rights, of compassion and of social justice. What he did was never done before by any prime minister. There was nobody who could match him in those areas like Aboriginal land rights, his strong stand against apartheid and his promotion of multiculturalism and especially taking in the Vietnamese refugees. To us he is a real hero. He set a shining example for us all in terms of compassion towards other human beings.

I commend the motion to the chamber.

The Hon. T.T. NGO (22:48): In 1975 after the Vietnam War we saw an influx of Vietnamese escaping the new Communist Vietnamese government. It was reported that over the years 2 million Vietnamese refugees have fled Vietnam, mainly by boat. Earlier this year I introduced this motion on behalf of many ethnic communities in Australia, especially the Vietnamese community, to thank the Rt. Hon. Malcolm Fraser for his leadership when he was in both opposition and government in promoting multiculturalism.

His policy of accepting many refugees from Vietnam laid the groundwork for successive governments to follow. Recently I spoke about the plight of Syrian refugees and urged the Australian government to take Syrian refugees and not disadvantage other refugees living in camps around the world. I also spoke about Australia's proud history of accepting refugees and Australia's reputation of being a kind and generous nation. Refugees do not forget this generosity. They remain loyal and repay Australia in many ways.

I also thanked our former prime minister the Hon. Tony Abbott MP for taking on an extra 12,000 Syrian refugees on top of the yearly intake of 13,750. It is regrettable that Mr Abbott is no longer prime minister. I would have liked to see him to be given the opportunity to greet some of the Syrian refugees who will be arriving in Australia very soon.

Seeing Syrian refugees escaping their war torn country brought back memories to many Vietnamese living abroad about their own circumstances 40 years ago. I will read out a post from one of my many friends on Facebook. I think it sums up the similarity of the current refugee situation in Europe and Vietnam 40 years ago.

This post is from Mr Jackie Tran. Jackie has a master's degree in journalism and now runs his own photography company. On his Facebook page it looks like he is now travelling around Australia and the world, taking lots of wedding photos for many couples. I also notice that he has taken many photos of up and coming models. Indeed, he is a very lucky young man as he always seems to be surrounded by beautiful people. Let me read out Jackie's post on 3 September 2015 at 10.46pm as follows:

We all saw the heart-breaking and haunting photo of the drowned toddler on the beach today. To the millions of Vietnamese people living abroad, this is nothing new. For us, we all know far too well the dangers as refugees at sea, walking the fine line between hope and death. Clinging to whatever hope remained as we fight off hunger and dehydration or watching your boat sink slowly into the waves.

This year, over 2,500 refugees died trying to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe alone. For the Vietnamese people—it is estimated by the UN Human Rights Commission that between 200,000 to 400,000 of us died on the high sea in hope of reaching other countries as refugees over two decades. I do not want the Syrian people or anyone to break this tragic record.

Back then, many countries around the world came together to bear the burden and granted asylum and resettlement to our people, for which we are eternally grateful for. To this day, the Vietnamese people living abroad repay that debt by immersing ourselves in our adopted countries and help shape modern society by playing key parts in the community, in politics, military figures and pioneers to name a few.

We were given that chance. The same chance, should be given to the Syrian people and other refugees too genuinely seeking asylum. They can and will also be great contributors to their adopted countries, if given the same chance. I cannot bear to see more images of drowned refugees at sea, for I picture my own people decades ago suffering the same fate.

I will use this opportunity to thank the Hon. Jing Lee, the Hon. Mark Parnell, the Hon. Tammy Franks and the Hon. Andrew McLachlan who have contributed to this motion acknowledging former prime minister the Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser for his work in promoting multicultural Australia.

The PRESIDENT: The purpose of summing up, Hon. Mr Ngo, is just to sum up and thank everyone, not to repeat the first speech, which you did.

Motion carried.